Fossil fuels and state-industry relations: a case study in environmental non-compliance
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Province of Alberta, Canada is world renown as an energy producer, and for the environmental impacts that such energy production generates. As a petrostate, the option to reduce fossil fuel production has been foreclosed, and therefore, to maintain legitimacy, this provincial state faces a quandary: how to continue to pursue fossil fuel development without attracting the negative political press that severe environmental, and climate impacts tend to attract. If avoiding such impacts is an unlikely option, then the only other course of action is to give the appearance of doing so, through the enactment of what Alario and Freudenburg refer to as 'magicianship': giving the impression of a reality that could not be farther from the truth. In this chapter, we explore how such magicianship is achieved by taking a close look at the legislative landscape that governs oil and gas extraction, and how that legislation is implemented on the ground, through a critical examination of the state's record of environmental noncompliance enforcement actions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.019 | 0.008 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".