Short-term axial loading of continuous-flight pile segment in frozen soil
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Research on the performance of continuous-flight piles for the use in permafrost is rare. In the present laboratory research, continuous-flight pile segments with 89 mm diameter and 300 mm length were installed in frozen soils and loaded under a constant displacement rate. The objectives were to investigate the load-transfer mechanism and the failure modes associated with the shaft resistance of the piles. Pile segments were screwed into a chamber filled with frozen soil and then loaded in the axial direction; installation torques and pile load resistance were measured, respectively, during the installation and loading stages. The effects of soil temperature, salinity, and water content on the short-term performance of these piles were examined. Results show that the pile capacities decreased with warming temperatures. The installation torque increased significantly as the soil temperature and salinity decreased. Cylindrical shearing mode (CSM) and individual bearing mode (IBM) of pile failure were observed at soil temperatures of −1 and −5 °C, respectively. Adfreeze and plate bearing resistance were determined under these failure modes. The global failure surface occurred at the edge of the threads under the CSM, and the shear resistance was increased along this surface. The existence of plate (i.e., flights) bearing resistance under the IBM suggests a potential advantage of continuous-flight piles over conventional smooth piles, because the plate bearing resistance is mobilized during loading.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".