Design and fabrication of flexible and frequency reconfigurable antenna loaded with copper, distilled water and seawater metamaterial superstrate for <scp>IoT</scp> applications
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The manuscript represents a novel superstrate metamaterial loaded microstrip patch antenna to achieve multiband frequency reconfigurability. The performance is observed for the frequency band of 4 to 8 GHz. Metamaterial property is enabled by engraving triangular-shaped split-ring resonators in the substrate. Frequency tunability is achieved based on the switching mechanism of three PIN diodes. Different materials are loaded in the split ring resonators like copper, distilled water, and seawater for the performance observation in terms of reflectance response, Bandwidth, gain and tunability. The design provides the reflectance response of −43.38 dB, Bandwidth of 220 MHz, and frequency tunability of 100 MHz. The proposed design is also giving the highest gain of 8.3 dB. The structure is fabricated using FR-4 to reduce the overall cost of the antenna, and it is tested using a vector network analyzer and anechoic chamber. Simulated results and fabricated ones are compared for reliability. The proposed design, with its flexible and reconfigurable capability, can be applicable in IoT applications.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".