Behavioral interventions to improve sleep outcomes in people with multiple sclerosis: A systematic review
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Objective To determine effective behavioral interventions to improve sleep in people with MS. Methods Systematic review following PRISMA guidelines. Data Sources Literature searches were performed in December 2021 in Ovid MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Web of Science along with hand searching for grey literature and cited references. Out of the 837 search results, 830 unique references were reviewed after duplicates were removed. Study Selection Four reviewers independently reviewed titles and abstracts (two reviewers for each article), and a fifth reviewer resolved discrepancies. The full-text articles (n = 81) were reviewed independently by four reviewers (two for each article) for eligibility, and consensus for inclusion was achieved by a fifth reviewer as needed. Thirty-seven articles were determined eligible for inclusion. Data Extraction Four reviewers extracted relevant data from each study (two reviewers for each article) using a standard data-extraction table. Consensus was achieved for completeness and accuracy of the data extraction table by a fifth reviewer. Four reviewers (two reviewers for each article) conducted a quality appraisal of each article to assess the risk for bias and quality of the articles and consensus was achieved by a fifth reviewer as needed. Data Synthesis Descriptions were used to describe types of interventions, sleep outcomes, results, and key components across interventions. Conclusions The variability in the intervention types, intervention dose, outcomes used, training/expertise of interventionist, specific sample included, and quality of the study made it difficult to compare and synthesize results. Overall, the CBT-I, CBT/psychotherapy, and education/self-management support interventions reported positive improvements in sleep outcomes. The quality appraisal scores ranged from low to high quality indicating potential for bias. Further research is necessary to demonstrate efficacy of most of the interventions.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.018 | 0.053 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.011 | 0.010 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.011 | 0.010 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".