Asymmetric information flow in brain networks supporting expressive language in childhood
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Low-beta (13-23 Hz) event-related desynchrony (ERD), a neural signature of expressive language, lateralizes from bilateral to left hemisphere in development. In contrast, low-beta event-related synchrony (ERS), thought to reflect inhibition, lateralizes from bilateral to the right hemisphere across development. Using whole-brain directed connectivity analyses, we aimed to characterize hemispheric and regional contributions to expressive language, in childhood. We studied 80 children and adolescents, 4 to less than 19 years of age, performing covert auditory verb generation in magnetoencephalography. Outdegree, indegree, and betweenness centrality were used to differentiate regions acting as drivers, receivers, and bridging hubs, respectively. The number of suprathreshold connections significantly increased with age for delta band (p < .01). Delta outflow was mapped to left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), while regions of right hemisphere, including right IFG, showed significant inflow. The right parietal cortex showed significant ERS, but without corresponding outdegree or indegree. Betweenness mapped to midline cortical and subcortical structures. Results suggest Broca's area develops a driving role in the language network, while Broca's homologue receives information without necessarily propagating it. Subcortical and midline hubs act as intrahemispheric relays. Findings suggest that Broca's homologue is inhibited during expressive language, in development.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.013 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".