Effect of Ambient Humidity on the Elasticity and Deformation of Unweathered Granite
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Moisture variation has been noted as a driver of strains in both natural and anthropogenic bedrock environments. Similarly, increasing water content has been shown to reduce elastic stiffness in a variety of rock materials, though evidence for granites is limited. This study presents strains of an axially stressed (0.1 MPa) Herrnholz granite cylinder with ambient relative humidity alternating between 20% and 90% in a stepwise manner. At each ambient humidity level, the Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio were determined by performing a series of load and unload cycles at 1–12 hr intervals. We observed that when the ambient humidity increased from 20% to 90%, Young's modulus declined by 13% on average, and nearly returned to the initial dry value when the ambient humidity was reduced to 20%. Poisson's ratio increased by 130% in response to the same humidity change, and approximately 60% of it was reversed when dried. These changes occurred linearly with a volumetric strain of up to 8 × 10 −4 of the tested sample, equivalent to 24.5 MPa internal stress. This stress change is attributed to the generation of nanoscale adsorption stress, which includes surface adhesion pressure along pore walls and capillary pressures within characteristic pore spaces. Using a modified adsorption model, the two contributions were estimated to be 8.5 and 16 MPa, respectively. The agreement between laboratory‐derived and modeled stress change validates the proposed mechanism of adsorption‐induced strains and elastic property variations in unweathered granite.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".