RELATION OF DIRECT FOREIGN INVESTMENTS AND ECONOMIC GROWTH: PANEL DATA ANALYSIS ON APEC COUNTRIES
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Purpose- In this study, relation between directforeign investments and economic growth had been analyzed for 11 APEC countries(Australia, Canada, Chile, China, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Mexico,Russia and USA) in between era of 1990-2016 with the help of panel dataanalysis.Methodology- In this purpose, stability of variables hadbeen searched by Im,Peseran and Shin Panel Unit Root Tests, Maddala and WuPanel Unit Root Tests and Coi Panel Unit Root Tests to obtain unbiasedpredictions in study. Then, panel cointegration and causality tests had beenapplied. Findings-At the end of theresearch, it had been determined that existence of causality relation betweenseries and there is unidirectional causality from direct foreign investments toeconomic growth. Conclusion- Although direct foreign investment in most of the developing countriesis not directly linked to economic development, capital, technology andknowledge transfer which indirectly contributes. For this reason, developingcountries are encouraging foreign direct investment.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".