Reconstruction of attosecond beating by interference of two-photon interband transitions in solids
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The reconstruction of attosecond beating by interference of two-photon transitions is one of the most widely used techniques for obtaining both the relative phases of harmonics forming an attosecond pulse train and the phase of atomic radiative transitions. If the latter is computed by theory, it allows one to reconstruct the attosecond pulse train; if the former is known experimentally, it allows for reconstruction of the electronic dynamics of photoionization in atomic and molecular systems with attosecond temporal resolution. As it relies on the interference of photoelectrons in vacuum, similar interference has never been contemplated inside crystals. Here we explore the applicability of this scheme to solid-state systems using a one-dimensional model and a density-functional theory--calculated structure of two-dimensional hexagonal boron nitride. We discuss the possibility of (i) reconstructing the relative phases between harmonics with trivial influence of the ``atomic phase'' and (ii) retrieving the relative phases of two-photon transitions through different bands, which are generally challenging to obtain both experimentally and numerically. These phases are recorded in the beating of the population signal arising from interfering two-photon pathways, and can be read out with angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. Furthermore, the amplitude of the population beating decays as the pump and probe pulses are separated in time due to electron-hole decoherence, providing a simple interferometric method to extract dephasing times.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".