Economic model predictive control of integrated energy systems: A multi-time-scale framework
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this work, a composite economic model predictive control (CEMPC) is proposed for the optimal operation of a stand-alone integrated energy system (IES). Time-scale multiplicity exists in IESs dynamics is taken into account and addressed using multi-time-scale decomposition. The entire IES is decomposed into three reduced-order subsystems with slow, medium, and fast dynamics. Subsequently, the CEMPC, which includes slow economic model predictive control (EMPC), medium EMPC and fast EMPC, is developed. The EMPCs communicate with each other to ensure consistency in decision-making. In the slow EMPC, the global control objectives are optimized, and the manipulated inputs explicitly affecting the slow dynamics are applied. The medium EMPC optimizes the control objectives correlated with the medium dynamics and applies the corresponding optimal medium inputs to the IES, while the fast EMPC optimizes the fast dynamics relevant objectives and makes a decision on the manipulated inputs directly associated with the fast dynamics. Meanwhile, thermal comfort is integrated into the CEMPC in the form of zone tracking of the building temperature for achieving more control degrees of freedom to prioritize satisfying the electric demand and reducing operating costs of the IES. Moreover, a long-term EMPC based on a simplified slow subsystem model is developed and incorporated into the CEMPC to ensure that the operating state accommodates long-term forecasts for external conditions. Finally, the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method are demonstrated via simulations and a comparison with a hierarchical real-time optimization mechanism.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".