Palaearctic seed beetle Bruchus affinis (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Bruchinae) new to North America, arrival, distribution, and autecology
Bibliographic record
Abstract
First North American records are presented forBruchus affinisFrölich, 1799 (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Bruchinae), as confirmed by morphology from multiple sites in Canada: British Columbia, Ontario, and Québec. Diagnostic information is presented forB. affinisin North America. This insect is expected to reduce plant reproductive output in infestedLathyrus latifoliusL.,Lathyrus sylvestrisL., and other potentialLathyrus(Fabaceae) hosts. Impacts on broad bean (Vicia fabaL.) production are expected to be small. Potential reproductive impact on native North AmericanLathyrusspecies remains unknown. The United States of America and Canada are now known to be home to 69–79 species of adventive Chrysomelidae including 16–18 Bruchinae. We have found two dead, teneralB. affinisindividuals insideLathyrusseeds imported from Europe, and we hypothesise that this species was introduced to Canada from Europe via seeds for planting sometime before 2007. At our study sites,Lathyrusflowering began in mid June followed by oviposition in late June with first adults emerging in late August, requiring about 60 days from egg to adult stage.Dinarmus basalis(Rodani, 1877) (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae) was newly recorded as parasitoid ofBruchus affinisin Canada, and caused about 10% mortality inB. affinisat our sites.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".