Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide at TiO<sub>2</sub>/Au Nanocomposites
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Herein, we report on the facile synthesis of nanocomposite consisting of TiO2 and Au nanoparticles (NPs) via a tailored galvanic replacement reaction (GRR). The electrocatalytic activity of the synthesized TiO2/Au nanocomposites for CO2 reduction was investigated in an aqueous solution using various electrochemical methods. Our results demonstrated that the TiO2/Au nanocomposites formed through the GRR process exhibited improved catalytic activities for CO2 reduction, while generating more hydrocarbon molecules than the typical formation of CO in contrast to polycrystalline Au. GC analysis and NMR spectroscopy revealed that CO and CH4 were the gas products, whereas HCOO–, CH3COO–, CH3OH, and CH3CH2OH were the liquid products from the CO2 reduction at different cathodic potentials. This remarkable change was further studied using the density functional theory (DFT) calculations, showing that the TiO2/Au nanocomposites may increase the binding energy of the formed ·CO intermediate and reduce the free energy compared to Au, thus favoring the downstream generation of multicarbon products. The TiO2/Au nanocomposites have high catalytic activity and excellent stability and are easy to fabricate, indicating that the developed catalyst has potential application in the electrochemical reduction of CO2 to value-added products.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".