The Effect of Night Shifts on 24-h Rhythms in the Urinary Metabolome of Police Officers on a Rotating Work Schedule
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Shift workers face an increased risk of metabolic health problems, but the direct metabolic response to working nights is not fully understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of night shifts on the 24-h urinary metabolome of shift workers. Eleven police officers working rotating shifts completed two 24-h laboratory visits that took place before and after they worked 7 consecutive nights. Sleep and meals were scheduled on a day schedule in the first visit and then on a night schedule (i.e., sleep and meals shifted by approximately 12 h) in the second visit. Targeted metabolomic analysis was performed on urine samples collected throughout these laboratory visits. Differential rhythmicity analysis was used to compare 24-h rhythms in urinary metabolites in both conditions. Our results show that on the day schedule, 24-h rhythms are present in the urinary levels of the majority of metabolites, but that this is significantly reduced on the night schedule, partly due to loss of organic acid rhythmicity. Furthermore, misalignment of 24-h metabolite rhythms with the shifted behavioral cycles in the night schedule was observed in more than half of the metabolites that were rhythmic in both conditions (all acylcarnitines). These results show that working nights alters the daily rhythms of the urinary metabolome in rotating shift workers, with the most notable impact observed for acylcarnitines and organic acids, 2 metabolite classes involved in mitochondrial function. Further research is warranted to study how these changes relate to the increased metabolic risks associated with shift work.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".