Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this chapter we discuss new contemporary voyages Pacific people have embarked upon since the independence period of the 1960s. In doing so we adopt Epeli Hau‘ofa’s view of contemporary Pacific migration and transnationalism as a process of world enlargement. Pacific migration has often been viewed in limited terms such as outward migration and one-directional flows. The migration patterns and experiences of the region are varied and complex, and current economic theories of migration are inadequate in capturing the nuances of the Pacific region and fail to recognize migration, mobility, and movement as a social and cultural act and not merely economically motivated; they are culturally specific, grounded in social ontologies and historical encounters. In this chapter we argue for a transnational approach in thinking about and understanding Pacific contemporary migration since the 1960s. Pacific migration, mobility, and movement is not simply about individuals themselves but rather about complex networks and flows of people, families, organizations, ideas, and goods, creating communities that expand across multiple nation-states. The chapter begins with a discussion on what is Pacific transnational flow and how this differs to dominate discourses on international migration and movement. We then describe different types of flows beginning with where people have moved to and explore the main drivers of migration: money and remittances. We then outline the different types of migration and mobility pathways that Pacific people have undertaken since the 1960s, with a particular focus on educational opportunities and employment opportunities such as seasonal labour migration schemes and sports migration. We conclude the chapter by considering the impact of climate change and migration for future generations of Pacific people.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.018 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".