Bibliographic record
Abstract
This chapter outlines the evolution of the People’s Republic of China’s (China) interactions with the Pacific Ocean since its formation in 1949. China inherited a long history of engagement with Pacific oceanic environments and other nations that inhabit its shores. After briefly outlining the post-war legacy of these interactions through maritime trade, fishing, diplomacy, and migration, the chapter details the history of China in the Pacific since 1949. It is a story of two distinct eras. Until 1978, China focused inwards to repair and restructure a nation torn apart by war, disunity, and neglect of the majority of the population. Its Pacific interactions focused largely on defending its sovereign waters and harvesting its coastal fishery, while its diplomatic stance further afield espoused solidarity for the decolonization and sovereignty of fellow developing nations. From 1978, China increasingly focused on economic reform, involving greater engagement with the overseas economy as it rapidly rose to become a global powerhouse of manufacturing. Two engagements with the Pacific are explored for this period. The first is China’s engagement with the Pacific Ocean as an environmental space, and especially a fishery and sea lane resource. The second is the expansion of China’s diplomatic and strategic engagement with the wider Pacific community from the 1970s. The final section looks at present and future engagements with Pacific Island nations in particular, as the nations that are under the most immediate threat of climate change damage. China has competitive advantages in skills and technologies vital to its Pacific allies and a long history of productive partnerships with them.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".