Investigating the Impact of Perceived Micro-Level Neighborhood Characteristics on Housing Prices in Shanghai
Bibliographic record
Abstract
It is widely accepted that houses in better-designed neighborhoods are found to enjoy a price premium. Prior studies have mainly examined the impact of macro-level neighborhood attributes (e.g., park accessibility using land use data) on housing prices. More recently, research has investigated the micro-level features using street view imagery (SVI) data, though scholars limited the scope to objective indicators such as the green view index and sky view index. The role of subjectively measured street qualities is less discussed due to the lack of large-scale perception data. To provide better explanations of whether and how the micro-level neighborhood environment affects housing prices, this article introduces a framework to collect designers’ perceptions on five subjective urban design perceptions from pairwise SVI rankings in Shanghai with an online visual survey and further predicted through machine learning (ML) algorithms. We also extracted ten important objective features from the scenes. The predictive power of micro-level neighborhood street perceptions (subjective perceptions and objective features) on housing prices was investigated using the hedonic price model (HPM) through ordinary least squares (OLS) and spatial regression, which considers spatial dependence. The findings prove the significance of the value of perceived qualities of the neighborhoods. It reveals that both objective perceived features and subjective perceptions significantly contribute to housing prices; while the objective features show more collective strengths, individual subjective perceptions have more explanatory power, and we argue that these two measures can complement each other. This study provides an important reference for decision makers when selecting street quality indicators to inform city planning, urban design, and community and housing development plans.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".