The influence of stream tributaries to lakes and upstream forest harvest on benthic, lake delta communities
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Lake deltas (LDs) receive nutrient and energy subsidies from upstream habitats. These inputs can support LD benthic production. However, LDs may also receive impacts from upstream disturbance. Small lakes in coastal British Columbia often have inflow streams from areas with forest harvesting, which is pervasive in this region. Forest harvesting impacts can alter stream production, although downstream impacts on lakes, compared to streams, are less studied and understood. We aimed to test whether benthic LD communities (biofilm and invertebrates) are more productive and (or) diverse compared to other communities along the lakeshore (LS) (non-LDs), and whether there are differences in LD communities associated with upstream harvesting. We compared LD communities with upstream riparian areas that were harvested (HLD) or relatively undisturbed (ULD), and LS sites. We found that while community structure was similar across sites, ULDs had higher biofilm and invertebrate standing stocks (1.5- and 2-times higher, respectively) than HLDs and LS sites. Our results suggest subsidies and benthic production were higher at ULDs. These results advance our understanding of forest harvesting disturbance and stream-lake connectivity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".