La Loi sur la laïcité de l’État. La formalisation d’un compromis politique québécois
Bibliographic record
Abstract
La Loi sur la laïcité de l’État adoptée en 2019 est un geste d’affirmation et d’autonomie. Elle traduit la spécificité du Québec dans le Canada, du moins sur le plan du modèle civique de coexistence d’une pluralité de religions. La loi intègre plusieurs procédés visant à définir une laïcité porteuse de droits et à lui garantir un rang privilégié dans la hiérarchie des normes. Elle énonce aussi des limites : celle d’offrir et de recevoir les services publics à visage découvert et celle de ne pas porter de signes religieux pour certains agents de l’État en situation d’autorité. Or, la contestation de la loi devant les tribunaux canadiens soulève la question de la compatibilité de ce modèle québécois de gestion du pluralisme religieux avec l’ordre constitutionnel canadien.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.015 | 0.012 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.020 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".