A species-transport model for circulation in a leading-edge vortex
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract In this study, we propose a model to predict circulation growth along the span of a rotating wing, in which circulation transport is represented as species transport. Fluid particles entering the vortex shear layer at the leading edge are initialized as vorticity-containing mass and are advected by the flow along the span. A circulation budget is presented, consisting of a generation and transport term, the latter derived from the vorticity transport equation, which leaves only two unknowns for the modeller to determine: the shear-layer thickness and the spanwise flow distribution. We find that the model is insensitive to the value chosen for the shear-layer thickness, as varying the thickness by an order of magnitude only changes the output by a few percent. Meanwhile, we use Bernoulli equation in a rotating coordinates system as a basic model for spanwise flow. To verify the accuracy of the model, the predicted circulation values are compared against experimental circulation values and show good agreement to measurements close to the axis of rotation, which corresponds to the spanwise locations at which the spanwise flow model best matches experimental data. It is suggested, therefore, that this model produces accurate results subject to an appropriate spanwise flow model.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".