Supporting families and young deaf children with a bimodal bilingual approach
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article reviews research and presents recommendations concerning bimodal bilingualism for families with young deaf and hard of hearing children. Bimodal bilingualism means deaf children and their families have access to a national sign language in addition to other spoken/written languages. National sign languages are one or more of the sign languages that make up the linguistic ecology of a country, including but not limited to British Sign Language (BSL) in the UK and American Sign Language (ASL) in Canada. National sign languages have their own vocabulary, grammar, and social rules of use, and many sign languages are used by deaf communities around the world. Bimodal bilingualism and enhanced family communication have long-lasting benefits for deaf children’s development and wellbeing. We look at how to support early bimodal bilingual communication and literacy, and the role of practitioners in guiding families.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.007 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.007 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".