Pharyngeal Residue Severity and Aspiration Risk in Stroke Patient Using Fiber-Optic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing
Bibliographic record
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Pharyngeal residue, defined as the material remaining in the pharynx post-swallow, is a sign of swallowing biomechanical impairment and a clinical predictor of aspiration. This study investigates the correlation between pharyngeal residue severity using the Mansoura FEES Residue Rating Scale (MFRRS) and penetration/aspiration scores using the penetration-aspiration scale (PAS) on FEES. METHODS: Two hundred ten (210) swallows were obtained during standard FEES assessments of thirty patients with poststroke dysphagia. Residue, in both vallecula and the pyriform sinuses' locations, and penetration/aspiration were scored using MFRRS and PAS, respectively. The Spearman's rank-order correlation was used to assess the correlation between residue and PAS scores. The significance of the obtained results was judged at the (p < 0.05) level. RESULTS: Significant strong positive correlations were demonstrated between PAS scores and each vallecular residue score (rs = 0.663, p = 0.000) and pyriform residue score (rs = 0.688, p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: There is a significant strong positive correlation between residue severity and penetration/aspiration in each anatomical site evaluated (valleculae and pyriform sinuses). Our results do not designate one site as riskier than the other because either can contribute to aspiration, but rather demonstrate penetration/aspiration to better correlate with the overall severity of the residue, perhaps as a better marker for pharyngeal inefficiency. This study offers insight into the association of residue severity with swallowing safety and efficiency.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".