Plated versus Corrugated Web Steel Girders in Shear: Behavior, Parametric Analysis, and Reliability-Based Design Optimization
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Unlike straight web I-girders, the construction industry’s demand for corrugated web steel girders is increasing due to their high shear strength without needing transverse stiffeners. Although the corrugation fabrication cost could be high, savings on material, transportation, and erection costs can compensate for the expenditures needed to build flat-plated girders with stiffeners. This study investigates the shear behavior of straight and corrugated webs with different geometries and corrugation profiles (triangular and trapezoidal) through laboratory testing. Following a detailed parametric study, the results of the experimental program were used to formulate a reliability-based design optimization (RBDO) problem to achieve target reliability. When applied to two case studies related to girders of a building and a bridge, the RBDO demonstrated that it is possible to design girders with corrugated webs to achieve economic designs in terms of material volume in the range of 20% to 40% with thinner webs and without the need for transverse stiffeners.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".