The effects of PD-1/PD-L1 expression on the prognosis of lymphoma: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background: Lymphoma is a malignant tumor with a high incidence. Most radiotherapy and chemotherapy cannot prolong survival significantly. In recent years, with the discovery of immune checkpoint programmed cell death 1/programmed cell death ligand 1(PD-1/PD-L1) and the use of immunotherapy, the survival of lymphoma patients has been improved to some extent. However, there is no systematic review to elucidate the relationship between PD-1/PD-L1 expression and lymphoma prognosis. Methods: A comprehensive search is conducted on MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library using a completed search strategy from database inception until 1 November 2022. Randomised controlled trials will be considered for inclusion. The Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOS) or the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing risk of bias will be used to access the methodological quality of included studies, and GRADE will be used to assess the evidence quality of outcomes. All analyses are performed by Stata 16.0. The results will systematically summarize and display the currently collected evidence on the relationship between the expression of PD-1/PD-L1 and the prognosis of lymphoma. It may play a certain role in the prognosis of lymphoma patients based on PD-1/PD-L1 expression levels, and prompt clinicians to formulate necessary treatment or prevention plans as soon as possible. Discussion: Although immunotherapy has achieved acceptable efficacy in lymphoma, the level of PD-1/PD-L1 expression is controversial with the prognosis of lymphoma according to the results of current randomized controlled clinical trials. The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the relationship between the expression of PD-1/PD-L1 and the prognosis of lymphoma, so as to balance the advantages and disadvantages of individualized treatment for lymphoma patients. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42020163963.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.062 | 0.105 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.023 | 0.038 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.013 | 0.012 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.006 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.038 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".