Earth’s Temperature: The Effect of the Sun, Water Vapor, and CO2
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to show the Sun controls the Earth’s temperature daily and over decades and millennia. A secondary objective is to show CO2 contributes to the warming of the Earth through increased enthalpy (heat content). The methodology is to record temperature and relative humidity at many weather stations around the globe to provide a picture of the constantly changing atmosphere over twelve months. Daily measurements of the molecular fraction of CO2 are converted to weight to calculate the increasing enthalpy of the atmosphere. The Sun controls Earth’s temperature through water vapor up to the dewpoint temperature line and by direct heat radiation from the Sun above it. The enthalpy contribution by CO2 from 1750 to 2022 was up to 0.0000049 kJ/kg of dry air, equivalent to a temperature increase of 0.000181oC over 272 years. The effect of CO2 on warming the Earth has a negligible increase in Earth’s temperature.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".