Obtaining the necessary molybdenum cofactor for sulfite oxidase activity in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans surprisingly involves a dietary source
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Molybdenum cofactor (Moco) is a prosthetic group necessary for the activity of four unique enzymes, including the essential sulfite oxidase (SUOX-1). Moco is required for life; humans with inactivating mutations in the genes encoding Moco-biosynthetic enzymes display Moco deficiency, a rare and lethal inborn error of metabolism. Despite its importance to human health, little is known about how Moco moves among and between cells, tissues, and organisms. The prevailing view is that cells that require Moco must synthesize Moco de novo. Although, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans appears to be an exception to this rule and has emerged as a valuable system for understanding fundamental Moco biology. C. elegans has the seemingly unique capacity to both synthesize its own Moco as well as acquire Moco from its microbial diet. However, the relative contribution of Moco from the diet or endogenous synthesis has not been rigorously evaluated or quantified biochemically. We genetically removed dietary or endogenous Moco sources in C. elegans and biochemically determined their impact on animal Moco content and SUOX-1 activity. We demonstrate that dietary Moco deficiency dramatically reduces both animal Moco content and SUOX-1 activity. Furthermore, these biochemical deficiencies have physiological consequences; we show that dietary Moco deficiency alone causes sensitivity to sulfite, the toxic substrate of SUOX-1. Altogether, this work establishes the biochemical consequences of depleting dietary Moco or endogenous Moco synthesis in C. elegans and quantifies the surprising contribution of the diet to maintaining Moco homeostasis in C. elegans.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".