Novel Ni-V-Y Electrocatalysts for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Generation of renewable energy is improving globally, the ability to store generated energy remains an issue. A new class of water electrolysers that utilize anion exchange membranes (AEMs) are effective at converting water to hydrogen gas which can be used as fuel. Novel electrocatalysts are required for AEMs to be active, stable, and cost effective when used in AEM water electrolysers. Previously, S. Ghobrial investigated the Ni-Nb-Y alloy system as an electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction, with Ni and Y components contributed to electrocatalytic activity [1]. Nb phase did not contribute to electrochemical activity and behaved only as a glass former. For the second-generation alloy, V replaced Nb to create a Ni-V-Y alloy. Thermodynamic modelling via FactSage was used to develop the amorphous alloy system. To create the amorphous alloys, a two-step ball milling process was used. Elemental powders were mechanically alloyed and amorphized under cryogenic conditions. The micron sized alloyed powder was size reduced to nanoparticles suitable for use as electrocatalysts via surfactant assisted high energy ball milling (SA-HEBM). Both micron powders and nanoparticles were structurally characterized using X-ray diffraction and SEM. The catalytic activity of the electrocatalysts were electrochemically characterized using steady state polarization to determine Tafel slopes and exchange current densities. A Ni-V-Y alloy was successfully produced via cryomilling and SA-HEBM. The combination of the NiVY amorphous phase + Ni3V + Ni5Y phases in the micron and nanopowders improved activity relative to the intermetallics alone via the spillover effect. The surfactant used in SA-HEBM is not completely removed by the current centrifugation process leading to lower-than-expected activity and marginal spillover enhancement in nanoparticles. With an improved cleaning process, it is predicted the nanoparticles will have higher activities than their micron powder counterparts. [1] - S. Ghobrial, Amorphous Ni-Nb-Y Alloys as Hydrogen Evolution Electrocatalysts, Toronto: University of Toronto, 2019.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".