Effects of solid deposits on the corrosion behaviour of titanium in high acidity and highly oxidising leaching solutions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Solid minerals are ubiquitous and common deposits on Ti-lined process vessels in the hydrometallurgical industry. This work revealed the effects of inert solid deposits on the corrosion behaviour of Ti-2 in high acidity and highly oxidising leaching solutions. It was found that the deposit-covered Ti-2 had a higher corrosion rate ( CR ) than bare Ti-2. CR increased with increasing deposit thickness (up to 6 cm) and temperature. Solid deposits mainly affected the corrosion process of Ti by limiting the mass transfer of the oxidising Fe(III) from the bulk solution to the underlying Ti, thus affecting the stability of the protective passive film, and resulting in an accelerated passive CR . High temperatures and solid deposition are both commonly encountered in the hydrometallurgical industry, and their combination may significantly limit the maximum service temperature of Ti-equipment, implying that there is a risk in using Ti-components under such conditions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".