Olefin cyclization on Cu(111) driven by subsurface carbon and ultraviolet irradiation
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Among several major unresolved challenges in reaction chemistry, controlling the yield and selectivity is particularly crucial. For on-surface synthesis (OSS), a prototype for basic understanding of reaction mechanisms, such control remains elusive. Here, using olefin cyclization, an important reaction in organic synthesis yet unknown for OSS to the best of our knowledge, as the model system, we propose a strategy to address this challenge by introducing carbon into the subsurface of Cu(111) (C-Cuδ+) and UV irradiation. The total olefin coupling rate on C-Cuδ+ increases to 10.1- and 5.3-fold higher than that on pristine Cu(111) at 298 and 323 K, respectively. The initial cyclization temperature reduces by 55 K on C-Cuδ+. UV irradiation further promotes the cyclization ratio from 22% to 40.3%. By integrating surface catalysis of the substrate with photochemistry of light-absorbing reactants, our results may open up a promising route for overcoming high reaction barriers and regulating selectivity in OSS.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it