Modelling of catalytic reactors containing core–shell pellets with various morphologies for series reactions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Modelling of series reactions was performed for core–shell catalysts. Mathematical solutions of concentrations inside the pellets were derived from reaction–diffusion equations considering inert‐core thickness ( ξ c ) for first‐order kinetics. Transient behaviours of catalytic reactors containing core–shell pellets were predicted, assuming pseudo‐steady state approximation. In a batch reactor, the removal rate of reactants increased with increasing Thiele modulus and decreasing ξ c in the order of sphere > cylinder > slab. The transient concentration of the intermediate product was maximum and affected by the distribution coefficient, diffusivity ratio, particle shape, and ξ c . In a continuously stirred tank reactor, the concentration was affected by feed rate and catalyst loading, and conversion could be enhanced by a cascade connection. In a fixed‐bed reactor, the concentration increased with increasing ξ c due to an insufficient catalyst volume. Péclet number and particle shape also affected the concentration, implying that axial dispersion and interfacial area are important design parameters.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".