Pre-kindergarten Students are coming, but can School Librarians serve them?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Pre-Kindergarten students are present in public schools throughout the U.S., but it is unclear whether school librarians currently have the leeway and/or neccessary guidance to provide services to them. This paper uses a document analysis student (Bowen, 2009) to identify 1) whether school librarians across the US are certified to provide services to pre-K students and 2) whether standards provide guidance for how school librarians should be serving them. As our findings demonstrate, the issue of SL service to pre-K students in the US is murky and unbalanced. Only half the states certify school librarians to provide services and instruction for the grade level, and in only three states do they have both standards that explicitly address SL learning expectations for pre-K students and academic and/or early childhood standards that enable integration with other domains and facilitate collaboration with classroom teachers. Of particular concern is the lack of guidance provided to school librarians via standards in four states where they do have authority to serve pre-K students.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.014 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.007 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.010 | 0.012 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.016 | 0.006 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".