Legs Geometry Influence on the Performance of the Thermoelectric Module
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The performance of the thermoelectric module highly depends on the geometry of the legs, the module area, and implicitly on the number of the pairs, besides the properties of the materials. The geometry of the legs consists of the shape, the dimensions on three axes, and whether the legs are filled or are hollow. The legs can have one hollow or more, the hole can be from the top to bottom or not. This paper studies and compares the performance of different thermoelectric modules in function of the shape: square, triangular, trapezoid, reverse trapezoid, hourglass, inverse hourglass (filled and with the hollow from the top to the bottom or not), and with different dimensions of the length and width. The simulations are performed using the COMSOL Multiphysics software, where 3D numerical models are developed and solved using the finite element method. The results are compared with others from the specialized literature for a one pair square shape. The current-voltage and power-voltage characteristics have a good matching, which proves the simulations are good and the model can be used for other shapes. A steady-state heating condition is applied to the hot side of the thermoelectric generators, while the cold side is subjected to steady state, natural convection, and forced convection heating conditions. The square shape with an internal hollow is studied first. The best performance when the length and width are 1 mm × 1 mm, 1.5 mm × 1.5 mm, and 2 mm × 2 mm is obtained for the thermoelectric generator with filled square legs. The highest maximum power is obtained for thermoelectric generator with the sizes 2 mm × 2 mm. The gain in power for the square shape in comparison with the worst value of the TEG (Inverse Hourglass for filled and Triangular for hollow) for the three dimensions considered is for those filled 199%, 202%, and 204%, respectively, and for those that are hollow 198%, 232%, and 243%, respectively. The reduction in maximum power is 5%, for the thermoelectric generator with square legs (2 mm × 2 mm) and with hollow legs, in comparison with one filled. The maximum power increases for the thermoelectric generator with square legs which have a hollow interior, in this case 2 mm × 2 mm, with 0.2% and 1% for the thermoelectric generator with sizes of 1 mm × 1 mm. Additionally, the results obtained for the square filled shape are compared with the real ones obtained for a thermoelectric generator with sizes 40 mm × 40 mm × 4 mm. The matching is very good, which confirms that the model can be used for different geometry of the thermoelectric generators in order to help the manufacturers improve their performance.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".