Transnational giving between Shikoku, Japan and Burma/ Myanmar: From memorializing One’s dead to humanitarianism with peace and war reflections
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Bagan, Myanmar (formerly Burma) is famous for its over 2200 Buddhist temples. People contribute to these temples as charitable work, to fulfill social or sacred obligations, or show they are “good Buddhists”. In World War II Japan’s military government sent Shikoku youth to South East Asia, including Burma, where over 6000 died. Following WWII, Shikoku groups sent funds to Burma to memorialize their dead. Thus began over 70 years of transnational giving involving construction and maintenance of temples, generalized support, and bringing medical advances to Burma/Myanmar. This article explores Shikoku-Myanmar transnational giving, and how it reverberates with peace and war issues. It raises a counter narrative to the Japanese state’s assertion that Yasukuni Shrine is necessary to memorialize war dead, makes links with Japanese citizens’ movements upholding Japan’s pacifist constitution and Article 9 (renouncing militarism), and adds to gift-giving frameworks, showing how, once established gift-giving can create obligations including those not directly about reciprocation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".