Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Dew and Rain in North-West Africa with Focus on Morocco: Mapping Past and Future Evolution (2005–2100)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the context of global warming and a reduction in fresh water availability, this study presents the evolution of dew, rain and evapotranspiration in the North-West (NW) of Africa. This study is followed by a chemical analysis of dew and rain data in a representative site. The time periods are concerned with the years 2005–2020 using existing data, and years 2020–2100 using the low and high emissions representative concentration pathway scenarios RCP 2.6/8.5 from the coordinated regional climate downscaling experiment database. A continuous decrease in rain precipitation is observed, on the order of −14 mm·decade−1 for the more credible scenario RCP 8.5. The amplitude is maximum on the coast and on the foothills of Atlas. A clear decrease in dew yields (up to 7%) is also observed along a NW/SE axis. It is strongly correlated with a corresponding decrease in relative humidity. Chemical dew and rain data in the representative site of Mirleft correspond to the major cations of Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+, similar to local spring water. The concentrations in rain are about two times less than in dew water. Ionic concentrations are compatible with the World Health Organization standards. The seasonal variations of the ionic concentrations in dew and rain follow a volume dilution dependence. In the future, the expected diminution in dew and rain volumes according to the RCPs 2.6 and 8.5 should increase the dew and rain ionic concentrations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".