Sex differences in associations between <i>APOE ε2</i> and longitudinal cognitive decline
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract INTRODUCTION We examined whether sex modifies the association between APOE ε 2 and cognitive decline across two independent samples. METHODS We used observational data from non-Hispanic White (NHW) and non-Hispanic Black (NHB) cognitively unimpaired adults. Linear mixed models examined interactive associations of APOE genotype (ε 2 or ε 4 carrier vs. ε 3/ ε 3 ) and sex on cognitive decline in NHW and NHB participants separately. RESULTS In both Sample 1 ( N =9,766) and Sample 2 ( N =915), sex modified the association between APOE ε 2 and cognitive decline in NHW participants. Specifically, relative to APOE ε 3/ ε 3, APOE ε 2 protected against cognitive decline in men but not women. Among APOE ε 2 carriers, men had slower decline than women. Among APOE ε 3/ ε 3 carriers, cognitive trajectories did not differ between sexes. There were no sex-specific associations of APOE ε2 with cognitive decline in NHB participants ( N =2,010). DISCUSSION In NHW adults, APOE ε 2 may selectively protect men against cognitive decline.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".