Monitoring sulfur loss in polycrystalline solid solutions of CaS-La<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> by Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Controlling stoichiometry in materials is a critical consideration in advanced applications. Non-stoichiometry due to sulfur excess or sulfur loss is observed in the CaS-La 2 S 3 (CLS) solid solution, a promising optical and thermoelectric material. We show that Raman spectroscopy can be used to assess deviation from stoichiometry in polycrystalline CLS. Use of this technique shows an increase in the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the A 1 vibrational peak, associated with disorder on the sulfur sublattice. This method is validated using X-ray diffraction, where a decrease in the lattice parameter is observed on either side of the stoichiometric composition. This paper illustrates the usefulness of Raman spectroscopy as a complementary metrology technique to assess stoichiometry in sulfide-based polycrystalline ceramics.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".