Programmed Intermittent Epidural Bolus for Labor Analgesia: A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Bolus Delivery Speeds of 125 mL/hr Versus 250 mL/hr
Bibliographic record
Abstract
(Can J Anaesth. 2022;69:86–96) Previous studies have shown that programmed intermittent epidural bolus, the automatic delivery of boluses at certain times during epidural analgesia, decreases pain, motor block, and local anesthetic consumption while increasing patient satisfaction. However, unnecessarily high sensory levels have been noted in prior studies. Variables such as patient demographics and characteristics, patient positioning, medication volume, local anesthetic concentration, and injection level have all been researched in relation to epidural spread. The impact of delivery rates on sensory block has not been extensively researched. The aim of this study was to compare injection speeds of 250 mL/h and 125 mL/h administered at 40-minute intervals during the first stage of labor. The authors hypothesized lower delivery speeds would reduce sensory block levels.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".