Ozone anomaly in winter-spring 2019-2020 in the Arctic and over north of Eurasia using data of Aura MLS observations
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In winter-spring 2019-2020 there was the strongest ozone anomaly in the Arctic in the total history of the observations. It was due to extraordinarily strong and long-lasting polar vortex, entailing unprecedented chemical ozone destruction. Analysis of Aura MLS data showed that the minimal temperature was 9-10% below normal from December to April in the stratosphere over Tomsk and the Arctic. Ozone concentration had been 4% and 6% of (i.e., about 30-fold smaller than) the multiyear average at altitude of 20 km on March 27 for Eureka and at altitude of 19 km on April 16 for Ny-Ålesund. This event is within the context of climate changes, leading to cooling of the stratosphere. Until the level of ozone depleting substances in the stratosphere of the Arctic is above the values, expected from implementation of Montreal Protocol, there will be a danger that these events will recur in the future. The 2020 vortex was exclusively isolated, which mitigated appreciably its effect on midlatitudes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".