Influencing Factors of Interfacial Behavior between Geogrid and Coal Gangue
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Coal gangue is a type of solid waste that is generated in the process of coal mining and washing. This concept can be effectively used in reinforced engineering fillings. The influences of shear rates and geogrid transverse ribs were studied using a large indoor direct shear test. The test results showed that the relationship between shear stress and shear displacement of geogrid‐coal gangue is nonlinear, and the shear process is accompanied by the crushing of coal gangue particles. The addition of geogrid significantly improved the shear stress and interfacial quasi‐cohesion of geogrid‐coal gangue, whereas the interfacial quasi‐friction angle remained almost unaffected. When normal stress was greater than 25 kPa, the shear stress gradually increased as the shear rate was increased from 1 to 5 mm/s. With an increasing shear rate, the interfacial quasi‐friction angle increased, whereas the interfacial quasi‐cohesion decreased. The interfacial shear stress, interfacial adhesion, and interfacial friction angle decreased with the number of geogrid ribs; the contribution of the middle transverse rib to the interfacial shear strength was smaller than that of the transverse rib at the far end in the shearing direction.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".