A phenomenological study on the migration trends of Filipino pharmacists who graduated from a university in Manila
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Introduction Migration trends and patterns differ in every country, and the current phenomena are happening at a particular time, whether in retrospect or prospect. In the Philippines, an influx of migration, especially among pharmaceutical healthcare providers, is seen due to the demands in the medical field even before the global COVID-19 pandemic. Aim This study determined the factors that influenced Filipino pharmacists' who graduated from a University in Manila; their motivation to work and migrate to other countries, as well as the responsibilities, competencies, and working conditions of pharmacists waiting for them abroad. Methods Following institutional ethical approval, snowball sampling was employed as the sampling method wherein the research participants were asked to help determine and recruit potential respondents. The sample size used to collate information for this study was 15 respondents from 3 different countries of origin, specifically Canada, Singapore, and the United States of America. Through a semi-structured interview, the participants elicited different responses with common themes analysed through thematic analysis. The respondents were not required to disclose any information they were not allowed to reveal. Hence, the researchers fully understood and did not force the respondents to get the information without the participant’s permission. In cases where participants shared information with another participant, this was their own doing, and researchers could not be responsible for this. The researchers safeguarded the information and identities of each participant as far as reasonably possible. Furthermore, each piece of data given is protected through the Philippine Data Privacy Act of 2012, and researchers are ensured to comply fully with what was written in the Informed Consent Form. Results All fifteen participants took their pharmacy undergraduate degree at a university in Manila before migrating or working abroad. Participants have at least a year of experience working abroad, covering the years 2010-2020, ranging from the completion of four-year pharmacy degrees to participants who graduated with five-year pharmacology degrees. Key themes which influenced the Filipino pharmacists included their chosen pharmacy degrees, including the University's curriculum reliability and relevance, turning point of migration decision, factors of their migration, ways migration was obtained, pharmacy work opportunities abroad, prior pharmacy working experience in the Philippines, work dynamics abroad, and their annual salary with benefits. Discussion/Conclusion There are numerous and limitless opportunities abroad, but most of them differ in the work setting in the Philippines, wherein they are more aligned with the clinical side of being a pharmacist. Moreover, the research field of the profession is still an emerging field with a wide array of opportunities. Overall, the study has collected varying and new insights into Filipino Pharmacists' migration, specifically their migration trends, competencies, responsibilities, and working conditions that may contribute to the betterment of the institution's curriculum and pharmacy practice in the Philippines. With the growing demand for pharmacists in the Philippines, the knowledge gained from a similar study would help improve conditions for healthcare workers to avert their desire or need to migrate. References 1. Loquias, M. and Robles, Y. Issues and Concerns on Utilization of the Pharmacy Workforce in the Philippines. [Internet]. 2012 [cited 2021 Sept 10]; JAASP 2012;1(2):86-96. Available from https://www.aaspjournal.org/uploads/155/5955_pdf.pdf 2. Lorenzo, F., et. al. Migration of Health Workers: Country case study Philippines. ILO. [Internet] 2006. [cited 2021 Oct 15] Available from: https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_dialogue/---sector/documents/publication/wcms_161163.pdf 3. Morii, Y., Furuta, S., Ishikawa, T., Fujiwara, K., Yamashina, H., & Ogasawara, K. Projecting supply and demand for pharmacists in pharmacies based on the number of prescriptions and system dynamics modeling. Human Resources for Health, 18(1). [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2021 Sept 27]; Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12960-020-00524-5
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".