Optimal Control Approach for Robot System Using LQG Technique
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A two-wheeled self-balancing robot system bases on the physical problem of an inverted pendulum. Stabilization of this type of mobile robot requires applying an active control approach. This paper proposes an efficient Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) optimal control for the two-wheeled robot system. The LQG (a combination of a Kalman Filter (KF) and Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR)) controller is designed to stabilize the robot while reducing the effect of the process and measurement noises on its performance. The LQG controller parameters (elements of state and control weighting matrices of the LQR and KF) are optimally tuned using the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) optimization method. The robot stabilization scheme is simulated utilizing MATLAB software to validate the proposed PSO-LQG controller system. The effectiveness of the proposed controller is validated based on the control criteria parameters, which are rise time, settling time, maximum overshoot, and steady-state error. The results prove that the proposed PSO-LQG controller can give very good movement performance in terms of both transient and steady-state responses.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".