Two Cases of Primary Spinal Glioblastoma in Adults Treated With Multimodality Therapy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Primary spinal glioblastoma (GBM) is a rare disease entity with no established standard treatment. We present two cases of primary spinal GBM initially presenting with motor-sensory deficits and back pain. Management varied in that the first patient received subtotal resection followed by radiation therapy, while the second patient underwent gross total resection followed by radiation therapy and temozolomide. The first patient died from hypoxemia secondary to disease progression affecting diaphragmatic motion three months after diagnosis. The second patient progressed intracranially and died 7.4 months after diagnosis. There is no standard of care for primary spinal GBM, so treatment should follow a multidisciplinary discussion focused on patient-specific goals. These cases highlight the poor prognosis of primary spinal GBM despite different treatment approaches, necessitating accurate reporting of all similar cases to help improve knowledge and management of this rare malignancy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".