Design an Optimal Fractional Order PI Controller for Congestion Avoidance in Internet Routers
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The main problem that degrade data transition in communication networks is the congestion, to achieve stable TCP network, an active queue management (AQM) is used for controlling congestion and saving regular queue length .In this paper, a robust Fractional Order PI (FOPI) controller is suggested to control the AQM system, Gray Wolf Optimization Algorithm (GWO) is used for tuning of the controller gains and the Integral Time Absolute Error (ITAE) is adopted as a fitness function for monitoring system response by minimizing its error value until reach an efficient and robust response. The transient analysis is used for comparing the suggested controller with two conventional controllers (PI & PID) to show the efficient behavior of suggested controller, then a robustness analysis is applied by adding disturbances positive and negative signals with value 150 packets at different time(15 sec, 30 sec) to the system also varying the queue size after each 40 sec to see the system response , the controller overcomes the disturbances signals with less than 3.5 sec and faces the queue size varying values and returning the system response to its desired value efficiently.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it