Effect of atropine and propofol on the minimum anaesthetic concentration of isoflurane in the freshwater turtle Trachemys scripta (yellow-bellied slider)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective To determine if the administration of atropine would reduce the measured minimum anaesthetic concentration of isoflurane (MAC isoflurane ) in freshwater turtles - the yellow-bellied slider ( Trachemys scripta scripta ). Study design Paired, blinded, randomized, prospective studies of 1) the effect of atropine in isoflurane anaesthetized freshwater turtles ( T. scripta scripta ) and 2) the effect of atropine in yellow-bellied sliders in which anaesthesia was induced with propofol and maintained with isoflurane. Animals T. scripta scripta ( n = 8), female, adult. Methods Atropine (2 mg kg –1 ) or an isovolumetric control injection of saline was administered intraperitoneally 15 minutes prior to induction of anaesthesia with isoflurane. Individual MAC isoflurane was then determined by end-tidal gas analysis in a bracketing design by an experimenter blinded to the administered drug, with a 2 week washout period. The experiment was repeated, with atropine (2 mg kg –1 ) or saline administered intravascularly in combination with propofol for anaesthetic induction . Linear mixed modelling was used to determine the effects of atropine and propofol on the individual MAC isoflurane . Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. Results Premedication with atropine significantly reduced MAC isoflurane ( p = 0.0039). In isoflurane-induced T. scripta scripta , MAC isoflurane decreased from 4.2 ± 0.4% to 3.3 ± 0.8% when atropine had been administered. Propofol as an induction agent had a MAC-sparing effect ( p < 0.001) such that MAC isoflurane following propofol and a control injection of saline was 2.3 ± 1.0%, which decreased further to 1.5 ± 0.8% when propofol was combined with atropine. Conclusions and clinical relevance Atropine, presumably by inhibiting parasympathetically mediated pulmonary artery constriction , decreases right-to-left cardiac shunting and the MAC isoflurane in yellow-bellied sliders, and thereby may facilitate control of inhalant anaesthesia. Propofol can be used for induction of anaesthesia and reduces the required concentration of inhaled anaesthesia assessed 1.5 hours following induction.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".