En quête de domestiques : l’« échec » de l’installation d’une filière guadeloupéenne au Canada (1910-1911)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
De la Confédération à la Première Guerre mondiale, la domesticité a constitué un secteur d’embauches important pour la main-d’œuvre féminine et une porte d’entrée pour les femmes immigrantes. Dans une nation en construction, les domestiques blanches, particulièrement britanniques, sont recherchées par les familles bourgeoises ainsi que par le gouvernement pour conforter les installations dans l’Ouest canadien. Malgré une forte demande, la politique d’immigration est sélective et ne favorise pas l’admission des Asiatiques et des Noirs. Face à une pénurie, des notables canadiens-français recrutent, entre 1910 et 1911, des femmes et quelques hommes dans la colonie française de la Guadeloupe. L’article montre que cette initiative privée s’inscrit dans une quête de servante générale, flexible et bon marché. Elle contraint néanmoins les agents du service de l’Immigration à intervenir, d’une part en raison de la législation en vigueur, qui de fait ne permet pas l’entrée de ces domestiques sur le sol canadien. Il s’agit d’autre part d’empêcher l’installation d’une filière qui encouragerait officiellement l’immigration de Noirs au Canada. Abstract: From Confederation to the First World War, domestic service was an important sector of employment for women and served as a gateway for immigration. In a nation under construction, Canadian middle-class families, as well as the government, sought White, particularly British, domestic servants to bolster settlement in the Canadian West. Despite the high demand, immigration policy remained selective and restricted the entry of Asian and Black migrants. Faced with a shortage, French-Canadian officials began recruiting women, and a few men, from the French colony of Guadeloupe between 1910 and 1911. This private initiative was part of a desire for flexible and cheap domestic workers. Nevertheless, it forced the Immigration Service agents to intervene, on the one hand because of the legislation in force, which did not allow these servants entry on Canadian soil. On the other hand, it prevented the installation of a network that would officially encourage the immigration of Blacks to Canada.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.016 | 0.006 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.015 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".