Dissolution dynamics of a binary switchable hydrophilicity solvent–polymer drop into an acidic aqueous phase
Bibliographic record
Abstract
. As a consequence, SHSs qualify as promising alternatives to volatile organic compounds during industrial solvent extraction processes, as greener and inexpensive methods can be applied to separate and recover SHSs. Furthermore, because of their less volatile nature, SHSs are less flammable and so increase the safety of a larger scale extraction process. In this work, we study the dynamics and in-drop phase separation during the dissolution process of a drop composed of a SHS and a polymer, triggered by an acid in the surrounding aqueous environment. From 70 different experimental conditions, we found a scaling relationship between the drop dissolution time and the initial volume with an overall scaling coefficient of ∼0.53. We quantitatively assessed and found a shorter dissolution time related to a decrease in the pH of the aqueous phase or an increase in the initial polymer concentration in the drop. Examining the internal state of the drop during the dissolution revealed an in-drop phase separation behavior, resulting in a porous morphology of the final polymer particle. Our experimental results provide a microscopic view of the SHS dissolution process from droplets, and findings may help design SHS extraction processes for particle formation from emulsions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".