The effect of a multi-carbohydrase enzyme and yeast-derived product on intestinal microbiome structure, activity, and gut function of turkeys
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The effect of a multi-carbohydrase (E) and its combination with an enzymatically modified yeast cell wall (Y) on the ileal and cecal microbiota and on gut function of turkeys was studied. The experimental diets, including the control (C), C + E, and C + E + Y, were fed to seven replicate pens of four birds from 22 to 56 days of age. The addition of E + Y resulted in a significant decrease in the relative abundance of Firmicutes and a significant increase of Actinobacteria in ileal digesta. A significant decrease in the abundance of Firmicutes was not followed by the abundance of Ruminococcaceae, one of the butyrate-producing bacteria. This coincided with a significantly increased concentration of butyrate in the ileal digesta and the proportion of butyrate within the total short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). As opposed to the ileum, the addition of E or E + Y did not affect the relative abundance of Firmicutes in ceca. The higher content of SCFA in the cecal digesta than in the ileum would reflect differences in microbial activities in both compartments, and possible increased SCFA absorption from the ileum. Overall, the positive effects of enzyme and yeast bioactive supplements on bacterial communities appeared to be more pronounced in the small intestine.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".