Rare Occurrence of Apical Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Among Hispanics
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (ApHCM), also known as Yamaguchi syndrome represents an uncommon morphologic variant of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) in which the myocardial hypertrophy predominantly involves the apex of the left ventricle (LV). It is exemplified by "giant" negative precordial T-waves on electrocardiography and a peculiar "spade-like" configuration of LV cavity on ventriculography historically, and more recently, on echocardiography with use of image enhancing agents. The disease entity was first described in 1976. Available literature reveals that it is prevalent largely among the East-Asian population but is rare among non-Asians. Here, we report a case of a 66-year-old Hispanic male with multiple cardiac histories including persistent atrial fibrillation, non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), and ventricular fibrillation cardiac arrest with multiple inconclusive evaluations, who later in life was found to have ApHCM. This case highlights the rare incidence of the disease among the Hispanic population and underlines the challenging diagnosis that requires a high index of suspicion in patients with cardiac symptoms, as ApHCM can masquerade as ischemic coronary heart disease. Our case also describes an unusual clinical course for ApHCM presenting with extreme clinical features, including ventricular arrhythmias and cardiac arrest, unlike the usual benign natural history of this disease.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".