Bibliographic record
Abstract
Guidance of axons sprouting from maturing neuroblasts, during intermediate trajectories and in seeking target neurons for synaptogenesis, is a fundamental developmental process in central nervous system maturation. Axons but not dendrites sprout from neuroblasts during migration. The growth cone of the axonal tip projects constantly changing multiple veils and spikes (lamellipodia and filopodia) that contain microtubules, actin microfilaments, mitochondria, endosomes, and membrane receptor proteins. They are sensitive to changes in ionic calcium flux and may be impeded by perinatal hyper- or hypoglycemia. The growth of axonal membranes occurs mainly at the growth cone. Neurofilaments appear in the axonal tip as it approaches its target. Growth cones are attracted to or repelled by various extracellular matrix molecules that guide them, such as netrins and glycoproteins. Numerous genes are involved, some specific for only certain projections. Neurotransmitters later to be secreted are recognized in growing axons before their synthesis. Axonal fascicles are enveloped by extracellular keratan sulfate that ensures that fascicles contain axons of similar origin and destination and whose neurons secrete the same transmitter. Near their targets, axonal tips may ramify to form synapses on more than one neuron. Transitory pioneer axons provide supplementary mechanical guides to permanent axonal trajectories. Thalamus and olfactory bulb contain axonless neurons with dendrodendritic synapses. Chromaffin neurons of neural crest origin develop no neurites. Most cerebral malformations involve aberrant axonal pathfinding; in holoprosencephaly, keratan sulfate abnormally ensheathes individual axons. Axonal pathfinding to near or distant target neurons is primordial for synaptic circuitry subserving normal and abnormal neurological functions including epilepsy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".