Juvenile Stress: A Sensitive Period of Vulnerability on Hippocampal CA2 and Social Recognition Memory
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Social memory involves social recognition: the ability to discriminate between two or more conspecifics.Animals must distinguish between conspecifics so they can engage in behaviour that leads to ideal outcomes.Recently, it was discovered that the CA2 region of the hippocampus is essential for social memory, as lesions and dysfunction to the area lead to social memory impairments.Early life stress (ELS) has been found to cause social memory impairments as well as the conditions where these impairments occur such as schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder.In this study, we examined whether impairments in social memory observed after juvenile stress were due to malfunction within the CA2.Long-Evans rats were exposed to stress using a social stressor between P19-21.Using the social discrimination test, social memory was defined as increased interactions towards a novel juvenile rat in contrast to a previously-encountered juvenile from 30 minutes prior.Tissue was then collected to determine c-Fos expression within the CA2 using nickel-enhanced 3,3'-Diaminobenzidine (DAB) immunohistochemistry.We demonstrated that adults exposed to juvenile stress did not differ from controls in sociability.However, unlike controls, they were unable to discriminate between a novel and previously encountered conspecific showing social recognition deficits, with a greater decrease in performance for females.In addition, we determined that juvenile stress was associated with significantly decreased c-Fos-positive cells within the CA2, exhibiting reduced neuronal activity within the region.These findings indicate that the CA2 is vulnerable to stress during the juvenile period, with long-term effects that persist throughout adulthood.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".