Ready to Play: A Biopsychosocial Approach to Return-to-Sport in Adults with Prolonged Concussion Symptoms
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: Sport-related concussions are recognized in all types of sports in athletes of all ages.While concussion presentation involves transient symptoms, some may have prolonged symptoms that linger past the typical 2-week recovery time for adults.These prolonged symptoms can affect physical, emotional, cognitive, and sleep domains. Research Significance:This thesis examined adult athletes who experience prolonged symptoms of sport-related concussion to further our understanding of the type of symptoms that are common in an understudied population.Many of the psychological and sociological deficits are not evaluated in preparation for return to sport, but the aim of the thesis is to show their need to be included.Links between psychosocial and physical impairments can drive decisions regarding return to sport. Methods:Based on the biopsychosocial model, 3 cross-sectional studies assessed which symptom domains were clinically relevant, associated with disability, and related to each other.The studies included several clinical outcome measures delivered in online format such as the concussion symptoms, fear avoidance, sleep changes, cogniphobia, pain catastrophizing, and disability post-concussion.The last study included a small sample of participants doing a qualitative interview to confirm objective findings.They were asked to reflect on mental health, sociological impacts, and physical symptoms. Results:The concussion groups showed clinically relevant levels of concussion symptoms, mental health distress, and fear avoidance behaviour.The athletes also presented with significant changes in their abilities of daily activities.Episodic memory was also found to be a deficit for this study.Athlete interviews had statements about fear, loss of self, acceptance, and emotional regulation.Limitations included changing to online formats due to Covid-19, small sample sizes, and utilization of new outcome measures.Future work would expand on the emotional and sociological findings and address cognitive tasks for adults with prolonged symptoms.Evaluation in conjunction with physical activity or training helps an athlete return to sport.Conclusions: Adult athletes with prolonged symptoms of sport-related concussion live with many physical, emotional, and sociological impairments.It is a population that needs further research to focus on their impact and future intervention plans.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".