Bibliographic record
Abstract
Freezing of water inside above-ground steel pipes is an unwelcome phenomenon that leads to internal pressurization, bulging, and bursting of pipes and can cause noticeable financial losses, environmental pollution due to the resulted leakages, and damage to the property, equipment, and workers in the field. Thus, a practical deicing/antiicing system that is highly efficient must be developed to minimize the detrimental impacts caused by freezing of liquids inside pipes. First, numerous tests were carried out in a relatively large cold room in which the actual working conditions of bare pipes exposed to cold weather were simulated to comprehend the freezing mechanism of the pressurized water. In the second phase of the project, the performance of the novel heating system was assessed by conducting deicing tests in the cold room. It was concluded that the freezing of the enclosed water was heavily dependent on the pressurization extent of water that itself was a function of pipe size and material properties. It was also found that the novel heating system that was produced by using thermal spraying means was able to eliminate the ice that was formed inside the pipe even under harsh conditions that may not be experienced in the field.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".